Children Of Divorce And Its Effect On Children - 913 Words

Children of Divorce Children of divorce are numerous, the effects of their biological parents separation and subsequent divorce has lasting effects on their behavior, academics, and their emotions. No one seems to care about the prevalence of divorce in society today; it is no longer considered taboo. Every year more than half of all marriages between a male and female end in divorce (Weaver Schofield, 2015), and data from the 1990 census states that over one million children experienced parental divorce (Amato, Sep. 2001). Compared to the 1960s 90 percent of children in the US grew up with two biological parents. Today that figure is only 40 percent (Bryner, 2001). Clearly, the prevalence of divorce should be a concern for the adults who live and work with the children who are affected by this phenomenon. However, even the parents themselves do not seems to take into consideration the devastation that can impact their children. Some researchers argue that people do not terminate their marriages for reasons of escaping a disruptive relationship or abuse but only for a quest for personal growth, (Amato, Sep. 2001), then the issue should be the concern for the well being of the child and what that separation and subsequent divorce would affect the children. That same research also included a longitudinal study and incorporated evidence that indicated that a majority of recent divorces were not preceded by an extended period ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Children1255 Words   |  6 Pages The effects of divorce on children Throughout time, people from all over the world have chosen to live together, or â€Å"get married†. Marriage is a beautiful thing, but there are some couples who are unable to maintain their relationship, because they choose divorce as a solution to cope with the problems between husband and wife. Although divorce can be solution to cope with problem between the husband and wife, it still has dangerous effects especially on their children. Children with divorced parentsRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Children1540 Words   |  7 Pagesterminated today due to divorce rather than death (Rasul, 2006 p. 30). Although an ancient tradition, divorce rates have been skyrocketing, and the current rates are virtually unprecedented in any industrial society. Many factors might lead to a divorce, and they include: conflicting cultural backgrounds, age differences, child presence, and many more (Schoen, 1975 p. 548). In this research paper, I will attempt to examine the ef fects of divorce on children, and try to examine how children learn to cope withRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Children1548 Words   |  7 Pages The Effects of Divorce on Children Mikele J. King Medaille College Abstract The current divorce rate suggests that one out of every two marriages will end in divorce. This paper is a critical literature review that explores the hypothesis that divorce has detrimental effects on children. Six different risks have been suggested to cause the differences in an increased need for help between divorced family children and two-parent family children: parental loss, economic loss, more lifeRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Children900 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce in and of itself does not harm children; it is the intensity and duration of the conflict between parents that negatively impacts a children adjustment. After a divorce or separation, it isn’t uncommon for children to display some behavioral issues. A child acting out shouldn’t come as a complete surprise because after all, a divorce is a challenging obstacle for the entire family to go through. Behavioral issues in children of divorce can range from mild acting out to destru ctive behaviorRead MoreEffects Of Divorce On Children And Divorce1460 Words   |  6 Pagestoday’s world, most people accept divorce or separation as a way of life. Parents are unaware or do not understand the damage it can have on their children. However, in some instances, it is better to get out of an abusive relationship because that can be as toxic as divorce. On average, 50% of children who are born with married parents, will experience divorce before the age of 18 (Children and Divorce Baucom, 2010-2017). Along with divorce statistics, 40% of children in America are raised withoutRead MoreEffect Of Divorce On Children1068 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Divorce on Children While divorce may reduce strain on a failing marriage, it may cause damaging effects on the children. Often times parents are too concerned on the marriage to notice the effects on children. From the way parents react in front of the children to new marriages all can directly affect the daily lives, and behavior of children. Though, there are ways to mitigate some of the issues that can come with divorce, possibly avoiding some of the effects all together. UnfortunatelyRead MoreDivorce And Its Effects On Children1296 Words   |  6 Pages50% of all the children born to married parents today, will experience the divorce of their parents’ before they are eighteen years old. Divorce in and of itself doesn’t necessarily harm a child, but the conflict between parents does. A child’s behavior correlates directly with the effects of their parents’ separation. Deep emotional wounds are created before, during, and after divorce and separation. It is rare that you find a child that actually wants their parents to separate, unless the marriageRead MoreDivorce : The Effect On Children1084 Words   |  5 PagesNicole Halterman Professor Tausch CTI 102 D Written Communication 4 October 2014 Divorce: the Effect on Children In today’s society, divorce has become a normal occurrence. Married couples today are getting divorces due to many different reasons; conflicts in the marriage, a loss of romantic feelings, perhaps a spouse is having an affair, or other types of problems. Most divorces have children that are really young and due to their age, they do not have any idea how to deal with this type of situationRead MoreDivorce And Its Effects On Children1343 Words   |  6 Pagesknow that the divorce rate in the United States hovers around fifty percent, including forty percent under the age of 21. In that fifty percent one of every six adults is likely to go through a divorce twice. Not only does divorce affect the adults involved, but forty percent of children in the United States will experience parental divorce (Portnoy, 2008). Children with divorced parents struggle with negative consequences emotionally, mentally, and academically compared to those children from intactRead MoreDivorce And Its Effect On Children998 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce has become very popular in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, on average 50% of marriages result in a failed marriage. This percentage has been at it’s all time high. Not many couples have sustained a successful marriage in present days. Divorces have been around for a long time, and unfortunately kids have always been affected the most according to their age. As a result of divorce, there are many children that have to go through this situation at a very young age

The Death Penalty Should Be Abolished - 1691 Words

Hogan, William Mrs. Hooks DRE 097 5 March 2015 Outline Thesis: The death penalty has to be abolished if American society wishes to progress. I. Introduction The death penalty, or capital punishment, is an archaic and barbaric practice; a fallacy of the criminal justice system. II. In the history of death penalty tells the accounts of the dramatic change over four centuries III. Counter argument A. Justice is the leading argument of supporters of capital punishment B. Supporters of the death penalty argue that the death penalty provides retribution to grieving families and avenges the murder of the victim. IV. A. The death penalty is not a crime deterrent. B. Cruel and unusual punishment C. Governor Pat Quinn signed a law that abolished the death penalty Conclusion: The death penalty is unlawful, unscrupulous, too costly, and should be unauthorized. D. Hogan, William Mrs. Hooks DRE 097 5 March 2015 The Death Penalty The death penalty, or capital punishment, is an archaic and barbaric practice; a fallacy of the criminal justice system. To kill a killer is not justice, it is revenge. Capital punishment is the legal execution of someone convicted of a capital crime. Essentially, the death penalty is the planned murder of an individual after carefully and judiciously planning the measure and method of doing so to increase the likelihood of death, also known as, premeditated murder. â€Å"Primarily the criminalShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1192 Words   |  5 PagesNo Death Penalty Capital crime is something that is meant for people that are found guilty of committing a serious crime, such as murder, rape, or theft. These are offences that should not be taken lightly but by killing the offender, the government is carrying about the action that they are trying to prevent. Also, the wrong person may be sentenced to death. After this person is executed, there is obviously nothing that can be done for the terrible mistake to be reversed. The death penalty shouldRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?. The Death Penalty982 Words   |  4 PagesShould the death penalty be abolished? The death penalty is a â€Å"term that applies to capital punishment and is the worst penalty given for committing a murder or an atrocious assault.† (Black s Law Dictionary). Death penalty has been a part of human society and is legally approved for centuries. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes. Death sentencesRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1925 Words   |  8 Pages Abstract This paper explores five published articles that report on discussion on the very old and yet to answer question of whether the death penalty in the USA should be abolished? The articles, however, vary in their stand on death penalty. In all article it is very different on publisher stand. They discuss thing argument with their own way and vision of thinking. Adina Nicoleta (2011) has raised question for fair trial on the proceeding of the criminal cases. In other article Maestro MarcelloRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1534 Words   |  7 PagesIntro The death penalty gives humans in our legal system rights to decide who deserves to live, a power only God should possess. Capital Punishment takes away our rights as equals. From its origins, the death penalty has been an inhumane, costly, ineffective, and biased form of punishment that needs to be abolished granting everyone their right to live. History of the Death Penalty Down through history, the death penalty has been adapted to be justifiable in the eyes of the people. By alteringRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1523 Words   |  7 Pagescriminals has been performed by nearly every society to date. The death penalty came to the Americas when European settlers brought the idea of capitol punishment from Britain. The ideology behind taking someone’s life for crimes they have committed is a simple one. If a person commits a hennas crime such as murder or rape, they shall receive the death penalty. In more recent times we now see many countries abolishing the death penalty. The trend suggests that the capitol punishment policies still implementedRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1306 Words   |  6 Pageschanged since the 17th century, so why not the age old penalty of death? Capital punishment in the United States is a highly debated topic. Arguments that want to get rid of this method of punishment usually mention th e many problems that capital punishment is plagued with. The death penalty has many issues that cannot be resolved, and since these issues can’t be solved, the death penalty should be abolished. â€Å"The irrevocable nature of the death penalty renders it an unsustainable and indefensible remedyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty is a very controversial topic in the United States. It is implemented for the purpose of providing safety to the community and bringing justice to victims and their families. The death penalty is legal in thirty-one states (â€Å"31 States†), and there are over forty different types of federal capital crimes that are eligible for the death penalty. These include crimes such as treason and kidnapping that results in murder (â€Å"41 Federal†). However, many argue whether the death penalty isRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished968 Words   |  4 PagesEvery year, thousands of lives are legally taken under the death penalty. Why should we take more lives than the ones that have already been taken? The death penalty is the punishment of execution, carried out legally against an individual convicted of a capital crime. Its proponents argue that the death penalty deters other criminals who may intend to commit similar crimes in the future. However, there is little statistical evidence to support this claim. Also, execution eliminates the criminalRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1350 Words   |  6 PagesShould the death penalty be abolished? The death penalty, also known as capital punishment is a legal procedure in which a state executes a person for crimes he/she has committed. This punishment has been used by many states, and is normally used for serious crimes, especially murder. It is also used on crimes against the state such as treason, crimes against humanity, espionage, and violent crimes while other states use it as part of military justice. There are mixed reactions on capital punishmentRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1443 Words   |  6 Pages 6 Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished in the United States? Adalynne Francis CRJU 1000 Dr. Huss November 14, 14 Should capital punishment/ death penalty be abolished in the United States? Many feel that the death penalty is immoral and question whether the state and federal government deserve the right to kill those whom it has imprisoned. On the other hand, those opposed feel that by not acting upon the death penalty communities would plunge in anarchy and that by

Principles of Financial Economics

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Financial Economics. Answer: Introduction The organizations ST Barbara Limited and Sandfire Resources NL both belong to the mineral and industrial exploration contributors that are enlisted in the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX). It has been found that within the ASX, there are various companies in this particular sector that are enlisted but this sector has enormously enriched after the certain explosion in the construction industry, which has been observed in the starting of this century (Alexander 2008). Both the mentioned organizations compete with each other in equal events through a detailed analysis of the fiscal declarations. It has been noted that the mentioned firms are performing comparatively better in the specified segment within the nation. Thus, the share price and the financial performance of both the firms have been studied in order to encourage the investors and also to direct them to invest in the appropriate firm for earning increased rate of returns. In this report, both the macro and micro economic aspe cts have been listed in order to guide both the stakeholders and the investors regarding their investment in the proper firm. Top down Analysis The growth rate of the particular firms was 2.4 % in the year 2015, whereas their falling has been compared with the value in the year 2014 to an insignificant 1.5 % rate of industrial average. Exchange Rates It has been found that in the year 2015, the value of AUD decreased and the decreasing prices of the cement and steel put an adverse effect on the export industry to a larger extent and it can be said from this that the particular trend will be similar in the year 2016 (Frank, Bernanke and Kaufman 2007). The lower demand of the Chinese for exports also implies the similar effect. Nevertheless, it has been noted that Australia is the only country that is considered as the OECD and has not been suffered from recession during the period of fiscal crisis, as the nation continuously sustained its economic position throughout the period. The particular country experienced a spontaneous growth for long 25 years and this has influenced the companies of material industry like - Sandfire Resources NL and ST Barbara Limited. As the mentioned firms are bigger in the national levels, these can be influenced by the macro-economic aspects like exchange rate of the currency. In order to revitalize the national economic condition, the Central Bank of the country decreased its rate to 2% in the last year in the month of May. It has been found that this proposal is supported by the household costs of Australia that are nonetheless indebted. Thus, the economic condition of Australia remains fortunate; the public debt of the nation is considered as one of the lowest in OECD countries. Malcolm Turnbull became the prime minister of the country in the year 2015, in the month of September and his precursor Tony Abbott suffered a lot due to the economic downturn. This resulted into increase in the public deficit at his tenure. Malcolm Turnbull intends to incorporate an economic policy for recovery by investing in the infrastructure and training along with empowerment of the service sector, whose one of the component is the banking sector (Hall and Cowles 2008). This lead to increment in the exploration of mineral by the two mentioned firms and this consequently developed the fiscal condition of the industry and this has been reflected in the fiscal declarations of Sandfire Resources NL and ST Barbara Limited. Levels of Inflation On the basis of the statistics of the Central Bank of the country Australia, it can be said that in the year 2015, the rate of inflation was 1.5 % and the interest rate was similar i.e. constant to minimum and low. These indicate that economic condition of the country has a healthy rudiment that persuades the growth rate. It has been found that the changes in the economic condition have created challenges for different countries, but the economic system of Australia sustained as it has sound macro level, especially when it comes to inflation. On the contrary, since the year 2013, the inflation rate continues to go downhill with highs of about 2.9 % in the previous two years. However, as these rates were not much low, the economic situations like the rate of inflation has been decreased from the expected rate with a falling CPI rate to 2.1 % based on its stationary, but in the last year it was 2.7 % annually. Thus, this has influenced the particular industry positively as the figures improved compared to the results of the prior year i.e. 2014 (Keim and Ziemba 2000). Inflation The inflation rate lowered dangerously as the Central Bank of Australia opposed to other countries, especially where deflation and constant looms took place by preserving a constant rate of inflation. It provides a highly constant and also makes the banking industry able in submitting attractive and good fiscal results to its investors. Moreover, the macroeconomic situation made it much attractive to other countries who are intending for making investments. A movement might be counted as the household consumptions within the finance that moves the countrys economy to an unlimited position. Additionally, for the international investors, an individual can earn incentives by investing in the country and this has resulted into decreased and constant inflation rate that lowers the insecurity with the passage of time. Growth Domestic Product (GDP) The GDP of the country Australia per capita is found to be in the highest position across the world, thus, it can be said that the particular nation is a prosperous country. In the year 2015, the rate of unemployment was 6.2 % and it found to be comparatively lower than 2014 due to the downturn in the mining industry (Mankiw 2004). GDPs slow growth impacted the stock price of the firm ST Barbara Limited (A$6.59) and it found that its stock price did not increase as it was expected. On the other hand, the stock price of the firm Sand fire Resources NL was A$16.38. This implies that the GDP of Australia affected the firms directly. Thus, the government of the nation should develop and stabilize the macroeconomic situation of the nation. The development should take place regarding the enrichment of the economic growth of the nation, decrease in the rate of inflation and also to stabilize the exchange rates. Exchange Rate The particular country Australia is enriched in natural resources and is also considered as on one of the five biggest money markets. Therefore, based on the technical and fundamental analysis, the rate of exchange should impact the banking sector. The economy of the country does not progress as it was expected and it is the cause for depreciation and lowering of the rate of interest to 0.25 %. As per the declarations of the RBA (Reserve Bank of Australia), the main causes for the devaluation of the currency was understood. The government of the country forecasted the rate of growth to be 7.6 % in comparison to 8.5 % of the previous year. An outflow of fund was noticed from key material industries since losing in the interest of the dividend and devaluation of currency (Islam and Vos 2011). Thus, slow repatriation of the finances was noticed in the market. Moreover, the pairs of AUS / JPY and AUS / USD were impacted, thus, the returns were also affected and offered no interest. It le ads to the reduction of the attractiveness of the stocks. Additionally, it has also affected stock prices of ST Barbara Limited and Sandfire Resources NL depressingly. The Aussi suffered the hardest hit in the market of foreign exchange this year and it was not only adjacent to the U.S. dollar, rather to other pairs, such as JPY, EUR and GBP. Thus, the financial market was subsequently influenced the banking sector. Nevertheless, in recent times, the prices of the Australian stocks increased with the strong gains in the monetary sector for compensating the decline in the resources that are related to the industry of raw material. It has been identified that the stock prices of the material sector of Australia has been gained. Economic Expansion in Australia In the year 2015, the GDP of Australia increased by 2.5 % from the year 2014. This rate is considered as one tenth lower than the present time period i.e. 2.6 %. In the year 2015, the per capita of GDP was A$ 36,708, A$ 51,829, A$ 350 and A$ 9,234 which was higher than A$ 46,358 or A$ 61,063 of the year 2014. The evolution of the per capita GDP was contrasted these data along with that of the year 2005, during which the per capita GDP of Australia was $ 27,390. It can also be said that in the year 2016, the economic overview indicates a positive situation with a lesser rate. Thus, Australia will be able to highlight more on the issues that are related to growth and no healing. Moreover, the macroeconomic situation possesses scope and for this monetary policy can be implemented for fulfilling its functions. Therefore, the particular industry is considered to vibrant. Bottom-up Analysis Background of the Companies ST Barbara ltd is situated in Western Australia and it belongs to the mineral exploratory sector of Australia. This deals with oil and gold market, on the other hand, Sandfire Resources NL deals with the copper producer that regulates its business in the high grade copper sector. It determines the differences and the similarities of the different magnitudes that is constituted within the balance sheets and the other fiscal declarations for weighing the particular amount on the basis of the relative and absolute values. This was done for diagnosing, variations and mutations. Both of these firms are enlisted in the ASX, though in the ASX there are several material industries and financial segments, the mentioned companies mainly compete with each other and this can be better understood based on the fiscal declarations. Fiscal Declarations Analysis Assets Sandfire Resources NL has assets of A$ 95.65 Billion that is more than September 2015 by 10.19 %. The portfolio of loan is the key item of the assets of the firm having a share of 55.4 %, followed by 24.6 % investments and 14.5 /5 availability. Thus, increase in both investments and portfolio took place. In the year 2016, ST Barbara Limited has assets over A$ 933.06 Billion that is the value increased by 11 %. The availability was increased by 12.68 % to AUSD 33.859 million on year to year basis in case of ST Barbara Limited at a rate of 25.74 % and ST Barbara Limited at a rate of 33.01 %. An increase in the loan portfolio took place annually based on the historical data and this helps to maintain an upward trend that reflected in the graph. In the local currency, the portfolio is identified as 62.82 %. In the particular sector, the equity portfolio increased due to increased placements of the mineral sectors. A certain increase in the portfolio percentage also increases the percentage to 10.23 % for ST Barbara Limited and this intended to service sector and strongly entered the market of Australia in the field of mineral exploration. Liabilities The total liabilities of the firm increased by 9.86 % from Q /. 18981.44 million to Q /. 211,430.84 million, additionally, the depository compulsions accounted as 80.70% of the total liabilities and this increased by 8.42 % to Q/. 13247.48 million. Money and time deposits are comprised of 37.68 % and 41.27 % respectively and the remaining 20.65 % are considered as savings. Moreover, in the national currency, 82.06 % are considered as depository compulsions and the funding is counted as comparatively diversified (Mishkin and Eakins 2009). The increase in the various resources of funding is analyzed as the indicators that imply a growth that is similar to the balanced percentage (Wise 2004). The increment in the cost financing implies a benefit regarding requirement of lesser liquidity. On the other hand, the increase in the monetary deposits includes higher exploratory activities. in 2015, liability of ST Barbara Limited increased by 21.24 % to Q /. 130.25 million. The current system of industry is considered as the second source for funding pertinent to the loans that are achieved as 94.26% from the foreign fiscal organizations. As a portion of liability, the total credits that are earned increase the share price from 13.27 % in September 2013 to 14.37 % in September 2015. It can also be said that the total credits increased from Q /. 30,384.08 million to Q /. 4850.98 million by 18.99 %. Paid up Capital and Equity The primary capital increased by 14.42 % to Q /. 2.272 million and it is represented as 81.74% of total assets. From this it can be said that the firm has a better rate of solvency. The supplementary capital increased by 9.21 % to Q 1 /. 290 million and this is related to rise in exercise results. In Australia, the mineral companies indicated an increase in growth of paid-in capital. In the firms, the assets were equivalent to Q /. 22,604.20 billion and it raised to Q /. 2912.87 billion by 13.43 % in the next year. This fluctuation took place as the behavior of the paid-in capital contributes permanently and it can be said based on the results of the previous years that growth too place by 23.12 % and 53.20 % respectively. In 2015, the capital paid increased by Q /. 451.60 million and Q /. 846.64 million for the firms Sandfire Resources NL Limited and ST Barbara Limited respectively by 63.07 % and 60 %. On the other hand, the credits earned and deposits evolution remained comparatively same. Liquidity and Solvency In 2014, the liquidity indicator was equivalent to 21.81 %, whereas in 2013, it also remained comparatively stable. The mineral industry had largest immediate liquidity and it was 68.66 % for Sandfire Resources NL and 31.47 % for ST Barbara Limited. The reason behind this is the strength in the exploratory capabilities. The net income was equivalent to Q 2,579,100 that is 1.01 % lower i.e. Q. 83.04 million and as a percentage value of the fiscal amount it was recorded as 2.07 p.p for contraction and 17.63 % score. This implies both the mentioned firms have a downward trend from March 2015. Additionally, the administrative and funding expenses also increased that implies a downward trend. Profit levels in Companies and Industries It has been found that Sandfire Resources NL and ST Barbara Limited have the best position in case of equity sector that is 22.54 % and 14.08 % respectively that exhibit the appropriate return regarding assets i.e. 3.20 % and 2.9 % respectively (Piros and Pinto 2013). On the other hand, great development has been identified in the material industry in both returns on equity and performance of the assets i.e. ROE increased by 1.78 % and ROA increased by 0.35 %. It has been found that the profitability indicators of the particular firm represent a slowdown trend from the year 2014 (September). The ROE was 6.29% that is 1.75 p.p. lesser than the value in May and ROA was lower by 1.53 % i.e. 0.21 p.p. lesser than the value in September of the year 2013 (Mishkin and Eakins 2009). It has found to be consistent with lower operating efficiency that is registered by the specified sector. The profits for the present fiscal time period that ends at 31st June, the firm ST Barbara Limited has profit over A$ 27 Billion and Sandfire Resources NL Ltd has a profit of A$ 9.227 Billion. Risks Present in Industry and Company In 2014, in the month of September, the equity portfolio was analyzed that implies five primary economic activities, where most of the resources are placed as transfers, various destinations and consumption. The annual behavior analysis of the components of loan portfolio is possible to scrutinize the electricity, water and gas credit risk that increased by 17.50 %, on the other hand, the services portfolio decreased by 11.77 %. Therefore, it can be said that both the mentioned firms are considered as key constituents of the GDP of Australia. The rate of delinquency showed that an annual increase took place by 0.08 p.p. (Rashid 2000). The performing loans increased by 14.52 % that is borrowed by the average of industry in comparison to the growth of the present portfolio by about 7.89 %. It has been noted that 98.59 % of the total gross portfolio acts as performing loans and the remaining 1.41 % is considered as the debt of the firm. Ratios The macro and micro economic factors of the companies have been enlisted here in a summarized form for helping the shareholders and investors to obtain the best form from the company as well as industry through ratio analysis. Ratios are considered as quantity or value that relates the economic units and the technical units i.e. monetary and physical respectively. The pilot ratios are generally restored by the medium-ratio that expresses the financial condition of these companies (Rashid 2000). Moreover, arithmetic mean and median can be utilized for better determination and also for avoiding the arbitrary leveling. Additionally, consideration analysis is also important for understanding the balance between the capital requirements and the equity constituents. Nevertheless, a too high value for a funding ratio might create various issues from the view point of the profitability of the firm. The analysis presumes financing of fixed assets through upper permanent capital of 100 %. This generally occurs when an organization uses some external resources for a long-term than their requirement. Furthermore, it is assumed that expenses for long-term financing are more than short-term. Recommendations The mineral industry has measured the market share along with their penetration by several organizations that have size and several executives who work there. All these are prepared on the basis of the model that is followed by the consumers for going to a close by place and have minimum of single executive who might fulfill the needs. The increment in the need of minerals like gold and copper leads to an increase in the difficulty for meeting operating expenses. The two mentioned firms have already propagated the canals self-care that splits the prior premise for raising their productivity. For improving the performance of the mineral sector, the mineral industry and the government of the nation should implement propel of measure on the mentioned firms - NL Limited Australia and ST Barbara Limited. The governments should develop and make the macroeconomic situation of the nation constant i.e. the government should stabilize the rate of exchange, reduce the inflation rate and should look over the economic growth of the nation. These would develop the banking industry performance and thus spill over can be understood in the mineral industry. Conclusions Therefore, it can be concluded that in present day, the demand of the customers towards the products varies as per their behavior and needs. Moreover, on the basis of the historical information, the problems are anticipated such that the mineral industry incorporates during the time of production. Additionally, it can also be said that the mineral industry is prepared for serving in any facilitated layouts. Thus, it can be said that the material industry should provide developed services to the consumers of the firm. These actions can be considered by both the construction industry and the material industry for developing the share prices of the firms and the profits of the organizations. References Alexander, C. 2008. Market Risk Analysis, 1. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Executive careers in business administration. 2007. [Chicago, Ill.]: Institute for Career Research. Frank, R., Bernanke, B. and Kaufman, R. 2007. Principles of economics. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Hall, V. and Cowles, B. 2008. The non-financial manager's guide to business decision making. Mission, Kansas: SkillPath Publications. Heffernan, B. 2013. Ownership arrangements of grain handling. Canberra: The Commonwealth of Australia. Islam, N. and Vos, R. 2011. Financing for overcoming economic insecurity. Keim, D. and Ziemba, W. 2000. Security market imperfections in worldwide equity markets. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. LeRoy, S. and Werner, J. 2001. Principles of financial economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mankiw, N. 2004. Principles of macroeconomics. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Milo, W., SzafranÃÅ' ski, G. and WdowinÃÅ' ski, P. 2007. Financial markets. Ã…Â oÃÅ' dzÃÅ' : Ã…Â oÃÅ' dzÃÅ'  University Press. Mishkin, F. and Eakins, S. 2009. Financial markets and institutions. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. OECD guidelines for micro statistics on household wealth. 2013. Paris: OECD Publishing. Piros, C. and Pinto, J. 2013. Economics for investment decision makers. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Priest, W., Bleiberg, S., Welhoelter, M. and Keefe, J. 2011. Winning at active management. Rashid, S. 2000. Economic policy for growth. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Skousen, M. 2010. Economic logic. Washington, DC: Capital Press. Taylor, T. 2011. Principles of economics.

Los Paises Subdesarrollados Essay Research Paper LOS free essay sample

Los Paises Subdesarrollados Essay, Research Paper LOS PA? SES SUBDESARROLLADOS A. LOS PAISES DEL TERCER MUNDO: En general Se considera que el primer mundo lo forman los dad? Ses desarrollados de una econom? a de mercado. El segundo mundo lo forman los dad? ses de econom? a de Estado los cuales son los mismos dad? ses comunistas. El tercer mundo lo forman dad? Ses en V? a de desarrollados, la cual Es mas de la mitad de la poblaci? n mundial. Los dad? ses del tercer mundo no forman United Nations conjunto igual, sino que esta denominaci? n que Se le dan hour angle estos dad? Ses incluye realidades muy diversas. Adem? s de Sus diversidades, los dad? ses del tercer mundo presentan unas caracter? sticas muy comunes. Unas de estas caracter? sticas boy: 1. El R? pido crecimiento de la poblaci? N, a pesar de que la tasa de mortalidad infantil contin? a siendo alta. We will write a custom essay sample on Los Paises Subdesarrollados Essay Research Paper LOS or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. La amplitud del analfabetismo. 3. La reducida productividad en el trabajo. B. LAS CAUSAS DEL SUBDESARROLLO: 1. El crecimiento de la poblaci? Ns: La cantidad de nacimientos es muy elevada, con relaci? n a La que lupus erythematosus corresponde a La cantidad que puede sobrevivir en las condiciones de vida de una sociedad como la del tercer mundo. Sin trade stoppage, la mortalidad a tenido un noteworthy descenso como consecuencia de los progresos de la medicina de los dad? Ses avanzados, causando el crecimiento de la poblaci? N. Adem? s de aportar en el descenso de la mortalidad tambi? n produjo un crecimiento vegetativo acelerado en estos dad? Ses. En Am? rica Latina, las familias tienen una media de cuatro hijos, Y en? frica, de cinco ; pero estas cifras se ven superadas por los dad? ses musulmanes. 2. La herencia del colonialismo: La city manager? a de los dad? Ses subdesarrollados boy Antigua colonias. Las potencias europeas dominaron estos dad? Ses y explotaron constantemente Sus recursos naturales para su propio beneficio Y Al mismo tiempo impidieron su desarrollo industrial. Cuando las colonias lograron su independencia pol? tica, continuaron manteniendo su dependencia econ? isinglass, financiera Y T? cnica con EL dad? s que Las hab? a colonizado o con otros dad? ses anti-racketeering law. 3. El intercambio desigual Los dad? Ses en V? a de desarrollo, necesitan importar productos industriales como maquinaria y tecnolog? a. Para pagar estas importaciones venden productos agr? Colas y materias Prima minerales. El problema est? en que los dad? Ses ricos dominan este comercio vitamin E imponen un precio elevado a Sus productos industriales. Los productos industriales aumentan de precio a medida que aumenta el coste de la mano de obra, mientras que los productos naturales mantienen precios m? s bajos. Todo esto conduce a que los dad? Ses subdesarrollados se endeuden progresivamente. C. LA POBREZA EN LOS PAISES EN DESARROLLO La pobreza proviene de muchos hechos hist? anti-racketeering law. Desde el principio de la historia ya be? a una nan variedad de grupos sociales en la cual los que mejor viv? an epoch La clase alta, pero lo hacia a partir del sufrimiento de las otras clases. En todo La historia se ve como los Lords viv? an wickedness preocuparse mientras que los siervos hac? an todo EL trabajo Y estos escasamente sosten? an a Sus familias. La pobreza existe en todo el mundo wickedness importar su nivel de desarrollo. La? nica diferencia Es que en los dad? Ses subdesarrollados existe mucho m? s. Esto se debe a varias razones. Unas de estas boy: 1. Los impuestos en los dad? Ses desarrollados heathen la educaci? n, salud, etc. de los necesitados mientras que en los subdesarrollados los impuestos Se los roban los pol? ticos. 2. En los desarrollados existen albergues en los cuales le dan hospedaje Y comida a los pobres y se lupus erythematosuss trata de ayudar mientras en los subdesarrollados no existe nada de esto 3. En los dad? Ses subdesarrollados existe educaci? n gratis pero no Es muy buena entonces no Se les da la posibilidad a los pobres que progresen. D. LA DEUDA EXTERIOR El intercambio desigual Y EL aumento de los precios del petr? Leo Han llevado a muchos dad? ses a un endeudamiento que actualmente se hour angle vuelto muy dif? cil de pagar. Los dad? ses mom que todos los de Latino Am? rica pudieron colocar Sus productos a buen precio Durante los a? os sesenta Y principios de los setenta, que fueron de nan prosperidad, pero La crisis del petr? leo Y La necesidad de reducir los precios de las empresas hicieron bajar la demanda de productos. Esta situaci? n financiera de muchos de los dad? Ses subdesarrollados tambi? n resulta dif? cil parity los dad? Ses desarrollados que Han prestado grandes sumas de dinero a los dad? ses subdesarrollados. E. LAS VIAS DEL DESARROLLO Una forma de mejorar para los dad? Ses subdesarrollados esta unida a la capacidad de los dad? ses productores a llegar a un acuerdo parity elevar el precio de la materia prima y poner este precio en el mercado mundial. As? los dad? Ses empezar? an a pagar Sus deudas y as? poder comenzar un proceso que los sacar? a del subdesarrollo. Bibliography sociedad Y cultura column voluntad s.a. 1996

Dante`S Inferno Essays - Divine Comedy, Epic Poets, Afterlife, Italy

Dante`S Inferno Dante's Canto XXVIII Dante begins the opening of Canto XXVIII with a rhetorical question. Virgil and he have just arrived in the Ninth Abyss of the Eighth Circle of hell. In this pouch the Sowers of Discord and Schism are continually wounded by a demon with a sword. Dante poses a question to the reader: Who, even with untrammeled words and many attempts at telling, ever could recount in full the blood and wounds that I now saw? (Lines 1-3) The rhetorical question draws the reader into the passage because we know by this point in the Divine Comedy that Dante is a great poet. What is it that Dante sees before him on the brink of the Ninth Abyss that is so ineffable that he, as a poet, feels he cannot handle? In the following lines Dante expands on this rhetorical position. He elaborates on why it is important for any man to offer a good description of what he sees. No poet can achieve this description: ?Each tongue that tried would certainly fall short...? (L. 4) It is not just poetic talent that is at stake; poets do not have the background to give them the poetic power for such description. His reasoning is the shallowness of both our speech and intellect cannot contain so much. (Lines 5-6) Once again the reader is intrigued; how could a man of Dante's stature criticize language which is the very tool he uses to create the epic work of La Commedia ? If we cannot take Dante seriously with these opening statements, we must pose the question of what Dante is trying to do by teasing us with this artificial beginning to Canto XVIII? Dante will now contradict himself and try to describe what he says is impossible. But, if he were to go right into a description of the Ninth Abyss, it would deflate his rhetorical position. Instead, Dante first sets up a quite lengthy comparison of the sights he has just witnessed with examples of bloodshed throughout human history. Were you to reassemble all the men who once, within Apulia1's fateful land, had mourned their blood, shed at the Trojans' hands, as well as those who fell in the long war where massive mounds of rings were battle spoils-- even as Livy write, who does not err-- and those who felt the thrust of painful blows when they fought hard against Robert Guiscard; with all the rest whose bones are still piled up at Ceperano--each Apulian was a traitor there--and, and too, at Tabliacozzo, where old Alardo conquered without weapons; and then, were one to show his limb pierced through and one his limb hacked off, that would not match the hideousness of the ninth abyss. (Lines 7-21) Dante gives historical examples of the destruction of war. This is in contrast to the heroic qualities of war which Dante's predecessors most often focus on. Dante is acting less as a poet and more as an historian. He takes the reader on a mini journey through these wars. His first stop are the Trojan wars (Line 9). These wars Dante refers to actually represent the final books of Virgil's Aeneid. Part of my experience in reading the Inferno, has been that there is a great connection between the Inferno and the Aeneid. Furthermore, Dante's guide through hell is the author of the Aeneid, Virgil. (While this topic is much too broad to address in these pages, it is important too take note of this relationship.) On the one hand it is important that Virgil is Dante's first example because it is necessary for him to leave the world of the poet (poets do not have enough talent) and move to the world of the historian, whose objectivity is supposedly more trusted in front of this horror. By this time the reader can see the irony of what Dante is doing in this opening passage. Dante the poet must give up to historical fact, but the reader knows that Dante the poet is playing this game to entice the reader into listening to him. Dante moves on to the wars at Carthage in his next example. This is material which Virgil deliberately does not deal with in the Aeneid because this was a battle

The Prompts to Adapt to the US Culture according to Hofstedes Taxonomy

The Prompts to Adapt to the US Culture according to Hofstedes Taxonomy The effective adaptation to the culture of the foreign country contributes to the further progress within the unfamiliar society. To adapt to the US culture and to the principles of interaction within the society, it is necessary to pay attention to the specific aspects according to which it is possible to characterize the social relations in the USA and their effectiveness.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Prompts to Adapt to the US Culture according to Hofstede’s Taxonomy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hofstede determines five dimensions of culture, and following them, foreign people can analyze the specifics of the US society and cultural interactions and adapt to them effectively. Thus, the basic recommendations to foreigners living in the USA depend on the analysis of the US culture according to such Hofstede’s criteria as power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation. Focusing on the aspect of power distance, it is important to note that foreign people can adapt to the US culture quicker, if they accept the idea of equality which is used in all the spheres of the social life. Thus, it is necessary to concentrate on the equal communication with the representatives of different departments in the company. The elements of informal communication are often characteristic for interactions between colleagues, and it is important to be ready to work in teams. Moreover, the role of a tutor at colleges and universities is to guide, but not to force and control because it is explained with references to the principle of equality. From this point, the focus on the equal status is expected in the US society. However, the idea of equality cannot guarantee people’s readiness to help because of the developed concept of individualism. Americans are oriented to their own goals and abilities that is why foreign people should not percei ve definite behaviours as egoistic, but they should reveal more individualism, initiative, and persistence. Foreigners are also expected to take responsibility for their actions and behaviours, and they should avoid trying to learn more about classmates or colleagues because the Americans are inclined to protect their personal worlds. The US culture can be discussed as masculine in relation to the focus on achievements and on the personal or professional progress. It is effective to emphasize the professional qualities and intellectual abilities in order to attract the Americans. Nevertheless, emotions and feelings should be hidden from the other people’s eyes. According to the criterion of uncertainty avoidance, the Americans can be discussed as people who are open to differences and innovations, avoiding many rules and limitations. From this perspective, a foreigner should demonstrate his or her curiosity and readiness to creative thinking in order to resolve the definite p roblem, even if there are no specific rules on resolving the question.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In spite of the fact that the Americans are not significantly oriented to long-term traditions which are not changed during the decades, they respect following definite values such as equality, individualism, progress, freedom, tolerance, and creativity. For instance, if there is a choice between traditions and innovations, the American people are inclined to choose innovations and expect this behaviour from the other people. Knowing these details, a foreign student or employee can adapt to the US culture more effectively. Focusing on Hofstede’s five dimensions of culture and associated rules, foreign people can change their behaviours according to the norms and traditions typical for the American society.

Ethics & Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics & Criminal Justice - Essay Example Moreover, Schafer also contends that when confronted with an ethical predicament, most of us would try to involve balance in our decision making process which has either long term or short tem consequences. The author, furthermore, describes a 'fit' - a 'good fit' results to equilibrium while a 'bad fit' increases conflict. Thus, according to the author, leading an ethical life decreases our confrontation with ethical predicaments. As constraints in time limit clear thinking, individuals must make ethical choices giving sufficient considerations to the consequent 'dilemmas' which may arise from the previous choices we have made. For the author, ethical decisions 'consist of a series of choices', not a single decision, hence, as ethics cements and builds strength of personal character, it does not come free of pain (Schafer 2002). Similarly, defining ethical behavior does not come free of pain and constraints. Each of us has her own definition of ethics and morality molded mainly by our environment, our individual perception or our personal experiences and our cultures. Thus, the dilemma in ethics is also a dilemma in bestowing it 'justifiable' definitions. Our predecessors, as well as contemporary thinkers and philosophers from the age of antiquity, of various cultures and beliefs were not spared of this predicament. Consequently, one takes a subjective characterization of ethical standards based on our justice system, local regulations, religion, education, culture and our surroundings. What results is a more relative view of ethics versus the ideal ones proposed by Plato or Socrates or Heraclitus. The relative view versus the ideal and universal definition of ethics presents a dilemma since we do not know when to draw the line between realistic ethical applications from the ideal ethical propositions or wh en and how to apply both principles. Hence, I take the prevailing social and cultural view of what ethical behavior should be. Since society is a result of adaptation to the changes that occurred in our environment, and aims to provide protection of right and promotion of justice, social, legal and cultural standards - standards enshrined, for instance, in our Constitution, laws, social norms, acceptable behavior - of ethical principles, these standards should be the guiding principles of ethical behavior. However, the implications of these principles as defined by our system and aforementioned ethical bases are that, ethical standards and principles evolve over time. 'Evolve' for me, does not really mean 'improve' or 'progress' but rather 'change' for the purpose of adaptation or the preservation of life, liberty, respect for the rights of others and justice or fairness. These ideals, norms and even 'realities' of ethical standards are evident in almost every culture in every commu nity and units of society all across the globe. Thus, even though they are not perfect, ethical principles in my society are 'justifiable' definitions as, apparently, the same ideals exist in other societies, and therefore I take that what is right and 'just' in the society I live in, should be applied using the full force of the law, even if the application of such principles cause much grief. As aforementioned, such principles and ideals of ethics should evolve and

Representation of Women in Charles Dickens Great expectations Essay

Representation of Women in Charles Dickens Great expectations - Essay Example The women who influence Pip are not good role models for him and others around them. They have set standards for him that are unattainable and lead to an empty, unfulfilled life. Charles Dickens represents the majority of the women in Great Expectations as cruel, hard and domineering. Pip, a young boy living in the marsh country in South East England, has never had a mother figure to nurture or guide him. His formidable sister raises him ‘by hand’; Mrs. Joe Gargery who is a dominating force in both Joe and Pip’s lives (Dickens 7). Pip had the general impression that she must have forced Joe to marry him by hand (Dickens 7). Mrs. Joe is represented as being a cold and cruel woman who threatens Pip and Joe with her cane that she has nicknamed the tickler. Mrs. Joe is unhappy as the blacksmith’s wife construed to illustrate the notion that women in the Victorian era assumed the social status of their husbands. She is resentful of this and longs for more an emo tion that is captured in her statement â€Å"Perhaps if I warn’t a blacksmith’s wife, and (what’s the same thing) a slave with her apron never off, I should have been able to hear the carols’ (Dickens 20). Perhaps her resentment, for her present social status, is the reason for her attitude towards her husband and her brother. Her constant abuse towards him and unhappiness in her station greatly influences Pip. Mrs. Joe is brutally attacked by an unknown attacker, and this attack eventually leads to her demise. This brutality and justice are representative of Charles Dickens’s portrayal of women in Great Expectations. Ms. Havisham is another authority figure in Pip’s life, also meets her demise in a brutal way, but unlike Mrs. Joe, she dies after being caught in what appears to be a fire she started herself. Each death is punishably slow which can be construed to mean that Dickens meant to illustrate the atonement of their cruelty and evil deeds in life. Ms. Havisham is a scorned woman living in a decaying moldy house, and she could still be suffering from the shock of her fiance leaving her on her their wedding day. This left her with everything in its original place, including the time on the clocks, which is a good illustration of her denial and refusal to accept what had happened to her. Her denial and difficulty in accepting her position is echoed by Mrs. Joe who metes out her frustrations on her husband and brother. The generational inheritance of unattainable goals in life from their mother’s makes the Victorian era woman a dissent and unsatisfied woman. The pain in their lives is compensated for by their hard stance in life, cold and cruel behavior and attitudes towards people around their lives. Ms. Havisham’s rejection by her fiance leaves her mentally unstable and terrorizing her adopted daughter, Estelle and Pip. On Pip’s first encounter, he saw that everything within his environment, which used to be white long ago, had lost its luster, and was faded and yellow. He saw that the bride within the bridal dress had withered like the dress and the flowers, and had no luster left, but the brightness of her sunken eyes. Pip saw that â€Å"the dress had been put upon the rounded figure of a young woman and that the figure upon which it now hung loose, had shrunk to skin and bone† (Dickens 52). Ms. Havisham and Mrs. Joe are represented as domineering forces in the lives of people close to them, which brings a lot of pain and suffering to these individuals. Ms.

Free Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Free Trade - Essay Example The development of free trade in the region is vital in the development of the three economies since most of the problems in the region such as human and drug trafficking affect all the countries. Most of the illegal immigrants setting in both the United States and Canada are Mexican nationals who enter such countries with the hopes of getting jobs. The rising level of unemployment in Mexico is a major cause of the immigration crisis in the region. Such immigrants take advantage of the weak immigration laws in both the United States and in Canada to settle in such territories thereby contributing to crime among other social vices in such territories. The adoption of free trade policy in the region would open the boundaries of the three countries to invest indiscriminately thereby promote the economic development in each country a feature that would curb the immigration menace in the region and contribute to the development of a peaceful and stable region with minimal cases of illegal immigrants. The labor costs in Mexico are lower than in the other two countries. Most American and Mexican companies therefore wish to develop their manufacturing plants in Mexico. However, the existing laws governing international trade in the region curtails such efforts. This curbs the economic development of Mexico while worsening the social challenges the other two developed economies face. Illegal immigrants cannot obtain any social security service in the United States a feature that compels such individuals to live in the streets peddling drugs and perpetuating other crimes and social vices such as robbery and prostitution. It thus becomes imperative that the concerned parties understand the essence of developing a free trade area in the region. An economy is a self-sustaining cycle in which the performance of an industry influences the outcome

Strategy and management control system: Tata Motors

Strategy and management control system: Tata Motors Introduction This essay addresses a very debatable yet imperative topic relating to the link between the strategy and management control system of an organization. The discussion in this essay roots from Andrew Campbells paper, Tailored, Not Benchmarked: A Fresh Look at Corporate Planning. This paper discusses the impact of benchmarking and the effect of efficient planning strategies on the value of an organisation. He suggests that in place of deploying standardized benchmarking and planning strategies based on another organisation, each organisation needs to evaluate its internal environment and devise strategies according to the needs of the individual organisation. Campbell describes the planning process very appropriately in his paper as, A good planning process is unique to its company () carefully tailored to the needs of the businesses as well as to the skills, insights, and experiences of senior corporate managers. Furthermore, Campbell lays stress on the fact that organisations need to constantly monitor and modify their planning strategies to match the needs of the organisation and the dynamic business environment. In this paper, Campbell has very modestly touched upon the fact that management control systems (MCS) and strategy essentially complement each other and should be coordinated to produce the desired firm value (Campbell, 1999). MCS are defined as any formal, information-based procedures and statements used by managers to monitor and influence the behavior and activities in a firm (Simons, 1994). While, strategy is a continuing pattern of decision making for the future of an organization (Mintzberg, 1978) deliberate (formal) or unintended (informal), that emerges due to the opportunities that arise in the organization or market (Merchant Stede, 2007; Langfield-Smith, 1997) An earlier perspective on this topic was provided by Anthony (1965, 1988) suggesting that, strategy is the constant given element in the organisation and management control systems hold the job of monitoring, modifying and tracking the progress of their implementation. Lorange et al (1986) introduced another association of management control and strategy in the concept of strategic control. Strategic control is a system constantly examining an organisations strategy with respect to its goals, and modifying them whenever the need arose. The one limitation all these perspectives suffered from was the fact that, management control systems identified with the task of monitoring and modifying strategy only (Simons, 1990). Robert Simons (1990) introduced a new perspective proposing that management control systems were responsible for not only monitoring or implementation, but also for formation of strategy; hence establishing a very important relationship between management control systems and strategic choices of an organisation. Building on these ideas, this essay aims to analyse the link between management control system and strategy of Tata Motors Limited (TTM), a multinational automobile corporation headquartered in Mumbai, India. During the course of this essay, we will first have a look at TTMs background strategy, control systems, performance measurement system, and the risks they are facing. Followed by this will be a discussion on TTMs case in the light of different perspective mentioned above to observe whether there exists a link between the strategy, management control system and performance measurement measures of TTM. Finally, we will have a look at some suggestions with regard to their control systems that could help TTM improve their position. Tata Motors Limited Background and Strategy TTM is a part of the Tata Group, the largest private corporate group in India. Tata group has business ventures in steel, communications, tea, information technology, power and hospitality aside from automobiles. TTM is Indias largest automobile company, with consolidated revenues $20 billion in 2009-10. It is the leader in commercial vehicles in each segment, and among the top three in passenger vehicles along with being the worlds fourth largest truck manufacturer, and the worlds second largest bus manufacturer. In addition to domestic growth, TTMs important strategic move over time has been international expansion. TTM has acquired Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company Limited, Hispano Carrocera S.p.A. Spain, has a joint venture with Marco Polo of Brazil for production of buses and most recently acquired the iconic British brands Jaguar and Land Rover (Just-Auto editorial team, 2010). Tata motors follow a straightforward rule for expansion; since they have limited technological availa bility to get a presence on the global industrial scene, they look for countries with access to technology and products, find a strategic partner in that market, and then sell Tata motors products in that country whilst exporting their products and capacities regionally (Seshan Kumar, 2008). For example, In January 2006, Tata motors signed an agreement with Fiat Group to sell Fiat vehicles through the Tata Motors outlets in India. In May 2006, the joint venture of Tata Motors with Fiat grew into an industrial partnership for sharing Indian facilities to manufacture vehicles, engines and transmissions for Indian and overseas markets (Just-Auto editorial team, 2010). Along with Internationalisation of operations, TTM follows the strategy of product innovation, which provides TTM with its competitive edge reasonably priced products. It started with introducing the innovative 407 platform for trucks in the 1980s, designed especially to suit Indian road conditions, in consideration with rural areas. Moreover, even today towards the end of the third decade of its existence it dominates two-third of the market. In 1998, TTM launched the first indigenously designed passenger car in India, the Tata Indica sporting innovation by providing more space, contemporary features at a very competitive price. In 2005, TTM launched Indias first mini truck, a small sub one-tonne vehicle facilitating intra-city or shorter distances. This vehicle was designed to replace the three-wheeler carriages market in India by a more sophisticated four-wheeled mode of transport at almost the same price. It used a two-cylinder engine, provided only in Irish crà ¨me colour and had a rigid front axle and rear wheel drive for low cost. The most recent innovation TTM has come out with is the 632-cc Tata Nano, claimed to be the cheapest car in the world also called the Peoples car/ Rupees 1 lakh car ($2500). The target price itself became the source of innovation, as industry claims that it is impossible to make a car at that price. This car is developed based on a series of innovative ideas; engine was packaged on the rear side; two cylinder engine (conventionally there are three-four cylinder engines); identical handles and mechanisms for left and right side doors. Moreover, the speedometer and other instruments panel in the Nano are in the centre of the dashboard, rather than facing the driver, to make it easy and cheaper to switch the position of the steering wheel from the right to the left facilitating exports to other markets as well (Seshan Kumar, 2008). Furthermore the car has unconventional seats; maximising the interior space by pushing the wheels to the corners and power train to below the rear seat creating sufficient space to accommodate three-to-four people (BMA, 2010). Analysis Management control system and Performance Measurement System To sustain the innovation in products and expansion in markets TTM had to introduce changes in their MCS to complement their strategic moves.TTM has two main divisions based on the type of vehicles passenger cars and commercial vehicles (CVBU). With increasing operations TTM In the year 2000, TTMs CVBU suffered its first loss of $2.5 million that led the company to adopt the Tata Business Excellence Model (TBEM). TBEM, based on Malcolm Baldridge Award for business excellence and Balanced Scorecards as its performance measurement, which will be discussed in depth later (Tata Group| Corporate Governance| Busniess Excellence, 2010). TTM saw shift from a more hierarchical structure to a flatter organisational structure, facilitating easy communication between employees. The change in business model complimented the change in the information technology system too. TTM uses an integration of outsourced facilities some of which are Ariba for supplier negotiations; product lifecycle managem ent and advanced computer aided designs for the engineering and designs of their products; SAP enterprise software application and programmes for enterprise resource planning and increasing transaction effectiveness. Through this, the activities of all departments production, manufacturing, purchase, finance operations etc, were interlinked facilitating better control and coordination by means of an efficient supply-chain management system. Furthermore, TTM changed their product development process and introduced a more collaborative process utilizing the capabilities of different venture partners, suppliers, design houses, subsidiaries and associate companies specialising in different verticals. With the transition of the in-house production process TTM realised the importance of expanding into the international market and thus adopted the internationalisation philosophy mentioned above, to keep in line with their goals and objectives at the same time as gaining access to differe nt markets (BMA, 2010). TTM has a strategic preview of their plans every 5 years where plans are altered whilst introducing new goals and objectives. A well-defined process for the preparation and monitoring of the annual budgets and long-term business plans is followed. There are meetings twice a month of the management committee at operational levels to review the operations and plans of key business areas. TTM has a set of corporate policies, the Tata Code of Conduct, covering the integrity of financial reporting, ethical conducts, regulatory compliance, conflict of interests review and reporting of concerns. All employees have regular exposure to this through fast flowing information between the management and the employees by means of articles, magazines and newsletters (Jamble, Sukate, Guha, Mhasade, Sumeet, Tonk, 2010). TTM has an intact performance measurement system keeping in line with their strategy of offering innovation at a competitive price, as mentioned above the Balanced Scorecard. After suffering their first loss in more than fifty years in 2000, TTM had to resort to stringent cost cutting across all business units, which poised a challenge. TATA Motors Commercial Vehicle Business Unit then employed the balanced scorecard. With the process in progress, the genuine problem revealed itself. It turned out that the manual nature of the review procedures of such a huge structure was getting extremely difficult to implement and consuming valuable amount of time. To address this, the Balanced Scorecard Automation Tool was implemented that would centralise, assimilate and collate the data, providing rapid review and analytical functionality and a comprehensive single picture of organisational performance. Within two years of this, CVBU registered a profit of $ 2.3 Million from the loss of $ 2.5 Million, leading to 60% of TTMs inventory turnover. Initially, CVBU had started the balanced scorecard with only corporate level scorecard; but with its success, now it has expanded to six hierarchical levels with three hundred and thirty one scorecards, additionally looking forward to proliferate it to the lowest level of organisational structure (Huda, 2009). Risks Fetching the advantage of low cost of labour in India, and cheaper resources, TTM places itself as a firm providing innovation at a lower cost, but they do not necessarily produce differentiated products. Their innovation only lies in the fact that they offer a multitude of features suitable for Indian conditions at a lower price, that no other Indian company does (lower competition in domestic market). The threat that TTM faces is the managing of two different segments of vehicles at the same time, the higher priced premium segment (Jaguar and Land Rover) and the very low priced segment (Tata Nano); the low cost manufacturing would not be as advantageous its premium segments car (Seshan Kumar, 2008). Moreover, other Indian manufacturers teaming up internationally like Renault Logan (joint venture between Mahindra and Renault) will intensify the competition for TTM. Further, by entering into the premium cars and sports utility vehicles segment, TTM now faces competition from various other brands like Audi, BMW, Daimler, and Volkswagen (Wentz, 2008). Moreover, Through TTMs core strategy of internationalisation, they depend on exports for revenues. But, as the position of the Indian Rupee has now strengthened, it is posing a challenge resulting in a lesser than expected export realisation (Kurup Toms, 2008). Aside from that, TTMs low cost products rely on low quality and its international competitors like Hyundai and Maruti Suzuki have internationally approved quality. Therefore, TTM needs to address its critical quality issue to be an international player (editorial team, 2010) From the discussion about TTM, it can be observed that there is a very evident alignment of its strategy with its performance measurement system and management control systems. The corporate strategy of a company helps in the decision of the company regarding the type of businesses to operate in (Johnson Scholes, 1989), how to structure and finance the company, how to acquire and utilize the resources to convert distinct competencies into competitive advantages (Andrews, 1980 cited in; Langfield-Smith, 1997). TTMs MCS boasts a much-organised structure comprising of formal control standard operating procedures, budgetary controls; informal controls regular interaction with employees, interactive communication system (also facilitating personnel control); administrative and social controls plying ethical codes of conduct; which exemplifies that TTMs MCS has a well-defined structure complementing its precise strategic perspective (Langfield-Smith, 1997). By changing the organisation al structure and introducing a new performance measurement system (the balanced scorecard), it can be noticed that TTM reviews its MCS has a frequent strategic preview and initiate changes as and when the need arises. Furthermore, it is noticeable that TTM is a follower of the contingency school of thought, which advocates that organisational effectiveness results from deploying administrative practices (like performance measurement) in a way that fits the contingencies the organisation functions within. Rather it is noticeable that, while adapting to these contingencies, TTM is finding new practices that match their organisation than relying on the ones other organisations use (Chenhall, 2006). Scope for Improvement Robert Simons (1995) suggested that for managers of modern organisations, it is a difficult task to manage employees and organisation efficiently while giving them enough space to come up with new and innovative ideas at the same time controlling them enough so that they do not misuse this freedom. He suggested four levers of control, the belief system; boundary systems; diagnostic control systems and interactive control systems (Simons, 1995). While the belief systems inculcate core values of the organisation, the boundary systems specify what needs avoidance. On the other hand, diagnostic control systems determine critical performance variables and the interactive control systems help resolve strategic uncertainties (Triantafylli, 2010). For successful implementation of lever of controls, the organisations has to make sure that all the four levers are complementarily in place to produce the desired organisational performance keeping in line with the strategy. For TTM while the appr opriate belief and boundary systems are in place, there seems to be a lack of diagnostic and interactive control systems. A number of key issues that require attention have been pointed out in the earlier section relating to their strategy with respect to competition, quality and exports. If TTM had the diagnostic and interactive control systems in place then these critical areas would have been resolved with an appropriate solution leading to effective organisational performance. Alongside, TTMs strategy would have accounted for these shortcomings if intact levers of controls were in place. Conclusion TTM is one of the strong contenders in the Indian automobile market heading towards a more international sphere. If it continues with innovation and the cost advantage, the organisation would be able to make successful headway. To achieve that, TTM needs to look into some areas that require attention, bring the required changes to its organisational processes, strategy, and control systems. Although, there is a strong link between the MCS and strategy for TTM, but it could be put to a more valuable use by employing the appropriate changes. Reverting to Campbells statement mentioned earlier, it is clearly noticeable that TTM does not benchmark, but focus on its external and internal advantages and utilizes the resources appropriately. This is evident from the fact that they use the availability of cheaper resources and labour to obtain their cost advantage and that TTM introduced new performance measurement system with the change in their strategy to complement it. Furthermore, TTM ha s utilized the availability of technical expertise to manufacture innovative products, gain a competitive edge in the market, and carve a niche for itself. Therefore, TTM has its unique strategy and competitive edge gained by virtue of its effective management control system that has been responsible for TTMs success. Banning tobacco advertisement:the necessity of a consequent solution Banning tobacco advertisement:the necessity of a consequent solution Banning tobacco advertisement:The necessity of a consequent solution Bonded Tobacco Co.: Making smoking safe for smokers., Old Gold Cigarettes: Not a cough in a carload., Camel Cigarettes: More doctors smoke Camels than any other cigarette. (http://www.tvacres.com/tobacco_slogans.htm, 12/12/09). These are just some examples of slogans common in cigarette advertisement in the history of tobacco ads. The belittlement of the harmfulness of smoking in advertisement is one of the main reasons why Health Organizations and Governments worldwide enforce the banishment of cigarette promotion from the world of advertisement. The progress of this enforcement varies from country to country but most of the above the line promotion is already tobacco free and many sponsorship promotions follow this example. The following essay displays the necessity of regimenting advertisement in the tobacco industry and explains why a consequent realization is requisite. First, a brief look at the historic development of tobacco advertisement and the beginning of its regulation. In 1789 the first advertisement on tobacco products was placed in the New York daily paper by P. Lorrillard Company (Petrone, G. S.,1996, p.7). In the 1920s Bull Durham was the first brand name which was advertised on a large scale by picturing a golfer swinging his club while smoking and introducing the slogan: â€Å"On every green they all roll â€Å"Bull†. Its easy for YOU to roll your own Genuine Bull Durham.† (http://www.owdna.org/History/history25.htm,12/12/09). The tobacco industry took advantage of the development of color lithography in the late 1870s and new approaches to advertisement arose such as the idea of James Buchanan Duke, of W. Duke Sons, to create cigarette boxes with the imprint of the cigarettes brand name and a decorative picture which was part of a collectable series (http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/eaa/tobacco.html, 12/12/09). The cigarette packet is still one of the greatest marketing tools of the industry. The first restrictions on tobacco advertisement were executed in Germany during World War II and signed by Heinrich Hunke, the President of the Advertising Council on 7 December 1941 with the justification of the negative influence smoking has on ones health. Any advertisement illustrating smoking as being harmless and a symbol for masculinity was forbidden. As were print advertisement at sport events and in the country side (http://www.smokersnews.com/cigarette-advertising/301/smoking-banned-by-nazi-germany/, 12/12/09). The law on these restrictions have changed and have become more relaxed over the decades but are nowadays again at a point where a consequent prohibition of tobacco advertisement is demanded. In this context one may ask what effect advertisement really has on the behavior of the consumer and if advertisement can be made responsible for the alarmingly high number of smokers worldwide. According to Professor George Stigler (1963), author of the book The Intellectual and the Market Place, The advertising industry has no sovereign power to bend mens will [†¦] Moreover, advertising itself is a completely neutral instrument, and lends itself to the dissemination of highly contradictory desires (p.91). The tobacco industry refers to these kinds of opinions and arguments that advertisement meliorates the market share of certain brands and does not engage new smokers. There are however a great number of scientific studies providing evidence of the coherence of tobacco advertising and consumption (Redmond W.H. 1999), showing the effects on tobacco consumption before and after an advertisement ban (Rimpelà ¤ M.K., Aaro L.E., Rimpelà ¤ A.H. 1993) as well as acknowledge the success of anti-tobacco measures (Laugesen M., Meads C. 1991) which shall be further described hereafter. The majority of econometric studies came to the conclusion that increasing investments in tobacco advertising stimulate and increase the demand for cigarettes, whilst an advertisement ban diminishes tobacco consumption (http://www.globalink.org/en/advertising.shtml#_edn3;12/12/09). This has been confirmed in the latest surveys by the United States Institute of Medicine (Lynch B.S., Bonnie R.J. (ed) 1994), the United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS 1994) and the World Health Organization (Roemer R. 1993). The research on the effects of an advertising ban on the number of smokers cumulate convincing data, showing that a consequent advertising ban significantly contributes to the reduction of the quantity of smokers as seen in Finland in 1977, where tobacco ads were banned, smoking in public building was prohibited and a strong public information campaign was put into action, which reduced the cigarette consumption by 6,7% ( Smee C., Parsonage M., Anderson R., Duckworth S. 1992). It is common knowledge that the goals of advertisement are to create awareness among existing and potential customers, to create customer loyalty by identifying with the product and its brand and to gain new customers. In the tobacco industry the target audience for recruitment is young people. For cigarettes being an addictive product it is more profitable to win young people for the smoking habit, since they bear the potential of becoming life-long customers. Due to this fact and the persuasive power of advertisement, especially young people need to be protected from the marketing influence of the tobacco industry. Advertisement in general and specifically tobacco advertisement wants to deliver a statement to which the existing and potential new customer identifies with and feels connected to. Brand statements and brand images influence young people in particular no matter if dealing with clothes, technological devices, alcohol or cigarettes. (http://www.globalink.org/en/advertising.shtml#_edn13;12/12/09). Some brands are perceived as especially cool, casual or hip and therefore higher frequented. In order to contain the severe influence of advertising an attitude of life, tobacco promotion of any kind needs to be banned. The tobacco industry has been very clever finding more indirect ways to promote their products than any other industry (http://www.globalink.org/en/advertising.shtml#_edn13; 12/12/09). This inventive talent has become a necessity for tobacco marketing departments due to the increasing and very strict regimentation on advertisement already existing. Sponsorship of cultural events and sports, merchandise products available for free, point of sale promotion displays and even the use of cigarette brand names for products of a different industry, e.g. Marlboro Classics clothing (http://www.marlboroclassics.com;12/12/09), and especially the design of the cigarette package are just some examples of the tobacco industrys creative output. But again, all these promotion types transport the pretended positive lifestyle the customers are supposed to identify with and after all one fact not being transported by the industries advertisement is how harmful smoking is to the health. Smoking does not only have a negative effect on the smokers health, but also effects passive smokers, especially children. Contrary to many other stimulants such as alcohol or sweets, cigarettes have a damaging effect on the body after the first consumption. No other legal product is as addictive as cigarettes. The consequences of smoking are evident in a variety of diseases, e.g. blocked arteries, which can lead to a heart attacks and strokes, lung cancer, withdrawal syndromes when the body is under supplied of nicotine and general unfitness. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention claims in its 2007 published Best Practice Report an annual death of 438.000 people worldwide by the aftermath of cigarette consumption (p.7). In March 2005 a report was published by the British Medical Journal providing authoritative data on the impact of passive smoking and stating that passive smoking is assumed to kill 11,000 people a year in the UK only (http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/ health-and-families/health-news/passive-smoking-is-there-convincing-evidence-that-its-harmful-476472.html; 12/12/09). An evidentiary amount of documents describe the severe impact tobacco advertising has to embolden non-smokers to begin smoking. Advertising is especially effective among young people. The number of smokers can be considerably decreased if a consequent ban on tobacco advertisement and its manifold promotion activities is put into action. Also prohibiting the display of brand details on the cigarette package, promotion at sponsorship events, distribution of merchandise products, as well as any public print, tv, cinema or radio advertisement. Additionally Dr. Murray Laugesen from the Department of Health in New Zealand subsumes the figure of tobacco consumption can be reduced by 6% if a coherent advertising ban is joined by a public information campaign on the health effects of smoking, this conclusion is supported by the latest report of the World Bank (http://www.globalink.org/en/advertising.shtml#_edn13; 12/12/09). To finally conclude a consequent solution of banning tobacco advertis ement is necessary, because the tobacco industry will continue to work out ways to promote their product and by this influence the consumers, convincing them only of the positive effect a certain brand has on the personal image rather than distributing the risks of the dangerous habit of smoking. Is Single Parenting a Social Problem? Is Single Parenting a Social Problem? Definition The issue of lone parenting is quite clearly one that is of significant importance and impact in the modern social context. It is also one that has different viewpoints, which are important to recognise in the context of this report. While the actual term of ‘lone parenting’ is a given, it is important to understand the various views which are taken in order to address this problem. For example, ‘New Labour’s’ social policy towards lone parents is generally governed by the attitudes epitomised in the mantras â€Å"reforming welfare around the work ethic† and funding a system that â€Å"believes in empowerment not dependency† (Millar and Rowlingson, 2001, p xv). This quite obviously conflicts with the view which was held by previous governments, which is said to maintain the view that poverty is â€Å"relieved by cash handouts† (DSS, 1998, p 19). It is also said that the differences between these two viewpoints epitomises the diffe ring views of ‘old Labour’ and ‘new Labour’ (Millar and Rowlingson, 2001, p xv), and also highlights the shift between the welfare state policy to a more capitalist approach to addressing the lone parenting issue. Main Issues Given the discussion of the United Kingdom’s approach to lone parenting, it might be relevant to compare these provisions with those of other jurisdictions. Take, for example, New Zealand which categorises ‘solo parents’ as: (a) A woman who is the mother of one or more dependent children and who is living apart from, and has lost the support of, or is being inadequately maintained by, her husband: (b) An unmarried woman who is the mother of one or more dependent children: (c) A woman whose marriage has been dissolved by divorce and who is the mother of one or more dependent children: (e) A woman who is the mother of one or more dependent children and who has lost the regular support of her husband because he is subject to a sentence of imprisonment and is- (i) serving the sentence in a penal institution; or (ii) subject to release conditions or detention conditions (as those terms are defined in section 4(1) of the Parole Act 2002) that prevent him undertaking employment: (f) A man who is the father of one or more dependent children whose mother is dead or who for any other reason are not being cared for by their mother (Social Security Act 1964 (NZ), s 27B(1)). Arguably, in consideration of the above, it is clear that the New Zealand social security system is geared more towards caring for a woman who may be a lone parent, as opposed to a father. It might also be noted, however, that social security benefits are only paid to lone parents in New Zealand if the parent is of the minimum age of sixteen (16) years, unless emergency circumstances exist (Social Security Act 1964 (NZ), s 27B(2)). Compare this situation to that across the Tasman Sea in Australia, where the Australian Bureau of Statistics has recorded a three-fold increase in lone parenting families in the last thirty (30) years, from 7.1% in 1969 to 21.4% in 1999 (ABS census). However given this increase, it might also be worthwhile to note that lone parenting in Australia remains at lower levels than other English-speaking countries, but still higher than some countries in continental Europe (Millar and Rowlingson, 2001, p 61). Further to this, it has generally been the attitude of Australian governments to extend social security benefits to all classes of lone parenting families, irrespective of the cause of the lone parenting situation (Millar and Rowlingson, 2001, p 65). Around 47% of lone mothers were employed in 1999 and around 63% of lone fathers, and approximately 9% of both lone mothers and lone fathers were unemployed (ABS, June 1999). This perhaps symbolises a non-dependency on the welfare system, a nd that lone parents in Australia generally try to work at least part-time to supplement their welfare incomes and provide for their family. Key Dilemmas The key dilemma that has been the recurring theme throughout this paper is the need to balance income support and welfare with the need for non-dependence on the welfare system. There is a conscientious push by governments in the above countries to not encourage reliance upon welfare handouts and to push these people to seek active employment, but also recognises the various situations of lone parents who may be unable to work full time for any number of reasons. The United Kingdom obviously recognises this problem in a social context, and took steps to address it though social policy reform. Some say that this was a more ‘heavy handed’ approach to the social problem, and this argument may have some merit given the approaches of other countries. New Zealand prescribes certain circumstances where welfare can be paid, and Australia has a more liberal approach to the welfare system, however all of these approaches seem to function appropriately in their individual contexts. Conclusion In consideration of the above points, it is quite clear that lone parents are a significant social problem. However, the more prominent problem is that of how to address the issue. It is quite clear that the United Kingdom has a more recent history of reforming social policy on this issue and limiting the distribution of welfare benefits. Is this the most appropriate course of action? Some would suggest no, given the experience of other countries. However, regard needs to be had for the statistics: approximately one in four of Britain’s seven million families are headed by a lone parent, and less than four in ten lone parents in Britain work full time (which is a piecemeal 16 hours a week statistically) (Millar and Rowlingson, 2001, p 11). This only serves to fuel the debate further, and one needs to consider the legislative and policy-based approach of the United Kingdom in context before judgement on this issue can be passed. Bibliography Books Millar, J., and Rowlingson, K. (eds), Lone Parents, Employment and Social Policy (2001), Bristol: The Policy Press Journal Articles Hughes, J., ‘Lone Parents and Social Security’ (2005) 36 Victoria University Wellington Law Review 1 Soley, C., ‘Lessons of the Lone Parenting Battle’ (1997) 126 New Statesman. Legislation Social Security Act 1965 (NZ) Social Security Act 1991 (AU, Cth) Other Sources Australian Bureau of Statistics, June 1999 Australian Bureau of Statistics, census 1969 and 1999 DPI, census 1999

Secrets of Spanish Cuisine Essay -- essays research papers

Two of my favorite foods are Spanish rice and homemade flour tortillas. Unfortunately, I have only prepared the Rice-a-Roni version of Spanish rice and used store-bought tortillas because it less time consuming. My feelings changed yesterday when my teacher, Mrs. Hernandez, taught me how to make the rice from scratch. In order to make Spanish rice, you need the following ingredients: 2 cups of regular white rice, 1 small onion,  ¼ cup of oil, 1 small green bell pepper, 1 small tomato, 4 oz of tomato sauce, 2 cloves of garlic, 4 to 5 cups of water, 1 tbsp of salt, and a touch of black pepper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin, chop the bell pepper, tomato, and onion into very small dices. Next, turn the stove burner on high and place your pan with the cooking oil added on top to pre-h...

Assessment Worksheet Essay

1. What section of the SOX compliance law requires proper controls and hence, security controls, to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of financial information and recordkeeping within an IT infrastructure? Explain the information contained in this section. SOX Section 404 mandates that all publicly-traded companies must establish internal controls and procedures for financial reporting and must document test and maintain those controls and procedures to ensure their effectiveness. The purpose of SOX is to reduce the possibilities of corporate fraud by increasing the stringency of procedures and requirements for financial reporting. 2. Who is Richard Scrushy and why is he relevant to SOX? Richard Scrushy first CEO charged with violating the SOX Act. He was owner and founder of HealthSouth Corp 3. Who, under SOX, is legally accountable for certifying and approving the integrity of the company and its financial reporting to the SEC and other financial organizations? Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the CEO and CFO of publicly traded companies to certify the appropriateness of their financial statements and disclosures and to certify that they fairly present. 4. What is the difference between a form 10-K and a form 10-Q, and who must submit these to the Securities Exchange Commissions (SEC) for publicly traded company financial reporting? 10-K is a company’s annual report that is filed yearly & make public. 10-Q is the company’s quarterly report. Upper management of major companies is to submit these to the Securities Exchange Commissions. 5. What qualifies as a â€Å"large accelerated filer,† and how long after the end of the quarter do they have to fi le their quarterly financial report? A company that meets conditions of a million dollar amount has been subject to periodic reporting requirements pursuant to Exchange Act Sections for certain amount of time, has previously filed at least one annual report pursuant, and is not eligible to file â€Å"Small Business† forms. They have75 days after the end of their quarter they have to file their quarterly financial report. 6. Where would someone go in order to find the quarterly and annual reports for a publicly traded company? A person would go to a company’s webpage to find quarterly and annual reports for publicly traded company. Each company  should have an investor relations section. 7. Go into the Edgar Database and find the most recent 10K or 10Q for Microsoft, Nike, and Cisco. Who signed off on the 10K for each of those companies? Microsoft: Assistant Director, Nike: Assistant Director, and Cisco: Assistant Director. 8. What are some of the criminal penalties for falsifying documents, or covers up information related to financial matters and SOX? Some of the criminal penalties for falsifying documents or cover ups information related to financial matters and SOX are imprisonment. Imprisonment varies on situation. 9. What is the Japanese version of SOX, and what agency oversees its implementation? JSOX is the Japanese version of SOX. This is overseen by ULVAC Technologies. 10. Of what was Dennis Kozlowski convicted, and how is it related to SOX? Dennis Kozlowski was convicted for crimes related to authorized bonuses, purchase of art, and other high cost money involvement. It’s related to SOX because fraud for public companies. 11. What is the link between SOX compliance law and information systems security? Section 302 and 404 even though they do not mention IT 12. What sections within SOX compliance law pertain to needing proper internal controls? Section 302 and 404 are needed for proper internal controls to be in compliant with SOX. 13. Explain how these sections within SOX compliance law require proper security controls as it relates to having internal controls. The need for strong internal controls is not limited to public companies, however. Effective internal controls provide all management teams with repeatable and reliable information tools that allow them to identify, manage, and mitigate risk on an ongoing basis 14. Why are Vice Presidents and other executive managers who are privy to financial performance data considered insiders to a publicly traded company as defined by the Security Exchange Commission (SEC)? They would be considered insiders because of the information they have from internal resources. 15. True or False. SOX compliance law now holds CEO’s and CFO’s of publicly traded companies accountable for their actions as officers in a publicly traded company.

Free Essays on The Delegation Process Within Fry’s Food and Drug Stores

Delegation Paper 2 The Delegation Process Within Fry’s Food and Drug Stores In order to understand how the managers at Fry’s delegate their authorities to the subordinate employees we must first grasp the definition of delegation. â€Å"Delegation is the assignment of authority and responsibility to a subordinate at a lower level. It requires that the subordinate report back to his or her boss in regard to how effectively the assignment was carried out,†(Bateman and Snell 2003, p250). We now understand that managers must give a job to a subordinate, but we must now focus on the Span of Control within Fry’s Food and Drug at store level as shown in figure one. Figure One Span of Control within Fry’s at store level Delegation Paper 3 The span of control at Fry’s Food and Drug at store level starts with the Store Manger. The Store Manager is the controlling function within Fry’s Food and Drug’s organization. They monitor weekly and monthly progress and loss reports in order to implement necessary changes. The Store Manager delegates all necessary changes to the Assistant Store Manager. The Assistant Store Manger has many important roles within the organization. They act as the organizer, the planner and the leader. This is an important job, because they will build organizations that are flexible and adaptive, particularly in response to competitive threats and customer needs (Bateman and Snell, 2003). The Assistant Store manger must delegate authorities to subordinate managers to ensure that he does not get overwhelmed with responsibility. â€Å"Responsibility means that a person is assigned a task that he or she is supposed to carry out, (Bateman and Snell 2003, p250). The lower level mana gers, General Merchandise Manager, Deli Manager, Front End Manager, Grocery Manager, and the Over Night Manger all take on the responsibilities given by the Assistant Manger. They each will become delegaters within their o... Free Essays on The Delegation Process Within Fry’s Food and Drug Stores Free Essays on The Delegation Process Within Fry’s Food and Drug Stores Delegation Paper 2 The Delegation Process Within Fry’s Food and Drug Stores In order to understand how the managers at Fry’s delegate their authorities to the subordinate employees we must first grasp the definition of delegation. â€Å"Delegation is the assignment of authority and responsibility to a subordinate at a lower level. It requires that the subordinate report back to his or her boss in regard to how effectively the assignment was carried out,†(Bateman and Snell 2003, p250). We now understand that managers must give a job to a subordinate, but we must now focus on the Span of Control within Fry’s Food and Drug at store level as shown in figure one. Figure One Span of Control within Fry’s at store level Delegation Paper 3 The span of control at Fry’s Food and Drug at store level starts with the Store Manger. The Store Manager is the controlling function within Fry’s Food and Drug’s organization. They monitor weekly and monthly progress and loss reports in order to implement necessary changes. The Store Manager delegates all necessary changes to the Assistant Store Manager. The Assistant Store Manger has many important roles within the organization. They act as the organizer, the planner and the leader. This is an important job, because they will build organizations that are flexible and adaptive, particularly in response to competitive threats and customer needs (Bateman and Snell, 2003). The Assistant Store manger must delegate authorities to subordinate managers to ensure that he does not get overwhelmed with responsibility. â€Å"Responsibility means that a person is assigned a task that he or she is supposed to carry out, (Bateman and Snell 2003, p250). The lower level mana gers, General Merchandise Manager, Deli Manager, Front End Manager, Grocery Manager, and the Over Night Manger all take on the responsibilities given by the Assistant Manger. They each will become delegaters within their o...